2008年11月4日
全球第二大味精生產廠味丹國際，因越南工廠遭當地政府勒令停工，引爆亞洲味精供貨吃緊疑慮。國際味精價格在二周內狂飆50%，國內業者大喊吃不消醞釀漲價，漲幅恐創史上新高紀錄。
由於國內味精原料幾乎全來自味丹，業者近期還接到味丹減量供應的通知，預估這波味精吃緊，至少延續到明年第二季。
國內三大味精廠味王、味全、味丹都表示，已在評估味精漲價的可能性，不過漲幅仍在精算中；至於漲價時間點，最快可能在11月底，而業務通路利潤薄弱，將成為第一波漲價的對象。
據統計，國際味精價格近二周內由每公噸1,200美元飆漲至1,800美元。以目前業務用味精一箱的售價約新台幣1,000元至1,100元，不排除這一波漲到1,400元以上的可能性，漲幅將逾三成。此外，由於香菇調味醬、鰹魚調味料等味精替代品，也都有漲價壓力，若業者跟進漲價，影響層面將擴大。
由台灣味丹轉投資持股63%的味丹國際，味精產能僅次於日本味之素。由於味精製程前段由發酵製造麩酸階段屬於高汙染，味丹國際早已將生產主力移至越南、大陸。根據統計，味丹集團味精30餘萬公噸的年產能中，越南廠就占了約18萬噸，除了供應越南、台灣，同時外銷到日本、歐美等地區，而台灣一年約2.8萬噸的味精需求，超過95%以上都由味丹國際供應。
台灣味丹表示，越南廠遭到勒令停工主因是該廠汙水設備不足，根據越南法令規定，將從明年元月起正式停工半年，以越南廠單月味精產能約1.5萬公噸計算，停工衝擊產能將達9萬公噸。
為此味丹已加開台灣廠產能，並協調由大陸廠供應部分需求，將衝擊降至最低。不過以台灣廠單月頂多增加4,000公噸，即使加上現有庫存，粗估截至明年上半年，短缺的產能至少3萬噸以上。
在越南廠停工後，歐美、日本等地的外銷訂單轉移由台灣、大陸廠供應，由於日本市場指定由台灣廠出貨，一年味精產能需求達3萬公噸，加上台灣本地的需求每年也達2.8萬公噸，國內業者搶味精的場面，短期內恐怕難以避免。
此外，根據味丹國際規劃，明年下半年起，越南廠將透過減量生產，同時增建汙水處理設備，以符合越南法令；味精供應吃緊情況，恐怕要持續到明年下半年。
東南亞 環保意識抬頭
味丹國際的越南廠被勒令停工，凸顯出東南亞的環保意識開始抬頭；過去台資業者為了降低成本，將高汙染的產業往東南亞搬的作法，未來將面臨大挑戰。
再者，從味丹廠停工，立刻造成國際味精價格劇烈波動，同樣顯示出國際化時代來臨，全球產業供應鏈的關係日益密切，牽一髮而動全身。
味丹國際此次之所以被停工，主要是因為超量生產、汙水處理設備不足，不僅被越南政府處以776萬美元，折合新台幣約2.56億元的鉅額罰鍰，根據法令規定，明年元月起味丹國際將停工半年。
味丹國際規劃，明年第二季將向越南政府提出新增汙水處理設備的計畫，除了請求先將產能減少至符合現有汙水處理設備能負荷的產量，同時趕工新建汙水處理設備，以時間換取空間，將傷害降到最低。
市場預期，即使越南政府同意味丹提出的改善計劃，讓味丹復工，明年下半年味丹國際的味精月產能，恐怕頂多只有0.8萬公噸，不到原先的一半。此外，這兩年原物料價格大漲，味丹國際要新增汙水設備，至少要再花新台幣6、7億元。
味丹國際當初未即時增加汙水處理設備，現在至少面臨三項損失：鉅額罰款、營運受創，還有一項是國際競爭力。進入全球村時代，企業的競爭日益激烈，味丹國際出狀況，競爭同業如日本的味之素、韓國的希傑、大象等味精廠，坐收味精漲價的好處之外，還有機會搶味丹國際的客戶，一來一回之間，企業的競爭力將被拉開。
來源：台灣《經濟日報》
Vietnam Cracks Down on Polluters
By Martha Ann Overland / Hanoi
Long before a government report confirmed it, villagers living along the banks of the Thi Vai river in the Mekong Delta knew full well that the waterway was dead. They had complained for years that industrial waste discharged into the Thi Vai had poisoned their wells, killed all the fish and was making them sick. Yet it wasn't until cargo companies refused to dock at the river's main port — saying that the toxic brew was eating through the ships' hulls — that Vietnam officials were willing to get tough on polluters.
Last month, with pressure mounting, investigators announced they had caught a Taiwanese-owned monosodium glutamate factory red-handed. Though it had taken three months of undercover work, inspectors discovered that Vedan Vietnam, a foreign-owned company, was illegally dumping untreated waste into the river. Natural Resources and Environment Minister Pham Khoi Nguyen called it "not just a violation but, in fact, treacherous behavior." An unprecedented crackdown followed: a Korean MSG manufacturer was nabbed dumping toxic waste. Several foreign-owned starch factories, which can release cyanide during processing, were shut down. On October 10, inspectors caught a Vietnamese leather tanning company pumping carcinogenic chemicals into a river in Ho Chi Minh City.
This sudden, aggressive enforcement of environmental regulations has become almost a rite of passage for industrializing nations. Now it's Vietnam's turn. The communist government's embrace of the free market has lifted millions out of poverty over the last decade. But just as in neighboring China, environmental considerations have been largely pushed aside in the race to build factories and industrial parks, few of them equipped with adequate wastewater treatment facilities.
The predictable result: pollution of the country's lands and waters on a shocking scale. According to Vietnam's state media, thousands of large — and small-scale industries — discharge at least 33,000 cubic meters of waste into the Mekong River system every day. Midwife Le Thi Thanh Thuy, who lives a kilometer from the Vedan plant, tells pregnant women living along the Thi Vai River not to drink the water. Even some well water burns people's skin and isn't used to wash clothes. "They are so poor, they don't have enough money to buy rice," says Thuy. "So how can they buy water?"
Enforcement gets short shrift, because local governments benefit from development, says Doan Canh, a professor at the Institute for Tropical Biology. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has only a few environmental inspectors, who typically must get permission from factory owners to inspect an industrial site. And when a company is found to be illegally discharging wastewater, the fines are too low — Vedan was fined several times in the past for a total of $1,400 — to be a deterrent. "I gave evidence of serious pollution from these factories, particularly Vedan, in 1994," says Canh. "But the relevant state agencies have let those violations continue for years."
What angers villagers is that the pollution is there for anyone to see. Le Thi Nung doesn't need a scientist in a lab coat to tell her that the river is full of poison. Her village in Dong Nai's district of Long Thanh once depended upon fishing and small farms. "After Vedan opened, the pollution killed all the fish so I had nothing to feed my seven children," she complains, adding that the factory brought few of the promised benefits, only cancers and stomach ailments. With no other options, Nung's 19-year-old daughter married a Taiwanese man twice her age. The family now lives on the $100-$200 she sends home every month.
Environmental degradation is beginning to threaten some of the economic gains Vietnam has made. Once lucrative shrimp farms are dying, and the country's efforts to market itself as a tourist destination are undermined by images of poisoned rivers. And while it is doubtful that the Thi Vai river's chemical stew could actually eat through a steel hull, the threat that ships would not stop at the Go Dau port, delivered a clear message about the potential economic impact of pollution.
On Tuesday, October 14, Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung ordered the government to get tough on polluters. It fined Vedan $16,000 and ordered to the company to pay $7.6M in environmental back dues it owes. These are fees the company was supposed to pay in order to pollute. They had not paid these fees in several years and so criminal charges could still be filed. This should send out a clear message to all manufacturers, says Natural Resources and Environment Minister Pham Khoi Nguyen.
But the Prime Minister's call for tougher enforcement also cautioned local authorities to balance environmental protection with development to ensure growth is sustainable. In a press conference after the charges against Vedan were made public, Nguyen, the Natural Resources and Environment Minister, conceded he was under a lot of pressure. "Many local officials have called me to say that we have to lower standards on the environment," the Natural Resources and Environment Minister said, "otherwise they can't attract foreign investors."
Meanwhile, Vedan is still making condiments for Vietnam's dinner tables. Despite the tough talk, it does not appear that the government is going to shut them down.
來源：美國《時代週刊》（Time）2008年10月17日
Vedan company’s operations temporarily suspended
2008年10月8日
The Vedan’s plant discharged around 1,493 cubic metres of fluid waste water and 5,159 cubic metres of untreated waste water a day into the Thi Vai river.
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE) has requested that southern province of Dong Nai temporarily suspend the Taiwanese-owned Vedan company’s operations until it complies with waste treatment procedures according to Vietnamese environmental standards.
Vedan will have to pay a VND 267.5 million fine due to a series of violations of rules which resulted in environment pollution.
In a recent decision, MNRE requested Vedan to pay due environmental protection fees totaling almost VND 127.27 billion.
The ministry has asked the Prime Minister to allow the Vietnam Environmental Protection Fund to receive and use the collection fees from the Vedan company and other companies that have discharged wastes into the Thi Vai river.
The company has been asked to remove all pipelines and sewerage treatment systems within one month, as well as to cease the discharge of waste products.
Vedan commenced operations in Vietnam in 1991, specialising in the production of MSG, acid powder, sugared water, Sodium Hydroxide, and other bio-products. Its system of plants covers 120 hectares in the southern province of Dong Nai.
來源：VNA 越南通訊社
Vedan pollution double findings
2008年9月30日
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) producer Vedan dumped nearly 110,000 cu.m of post-fermentation molasses residue and solid waste every month into the Thi Vai River – 2.5 times higher than earlier findings, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment announced on Sept. 29.
An earlier investigation by the ministry and the Environment Police Department said the company had discharged 45,000 cu.m of post-fermentation molasses waste into the river. However, after discovering that the firm had built a submerged pipeline to discharge effluent into the river the estimate was markedly raised, said Luong Duy Hanh, from the Ministry’s Environmental Protection Department.
In addition, more than 800 cu.m of waste mud was discharged into the Thi Vai River daily, said Hanh.
To avoid detection, the company stored the post- fermentation molasses waste from monosodium glutamate and lysine factories into a 7,000 cu.m container unit. A second container of 15,000 cu.m and some other smaller containers of 1,500 cu.m were also buried. The containers were connected by a system of pipelines and the waste pumped into the middle of the river some eight metres below the surface, said Hanh.
Nguyen Son Tu, who works for Vedan, said the waste was pumped into river for 12 hours each day.
Ministry officials said water quality tests found that pigment levels in the Thi Vai River were 3,675 times higher than permitted levels, while COD levels were 2,957 times, BOD5 levels 1,057 times higher, and TSS and ammonia more than 100 times higher.
After the Ministry’s first investigation, Vedan would have to pay the cost of restoring the River, which is now devoid of life, and compensate those whose health had been damaged as a result of their illegal activities. The company has also been ordered to pay earlier environmental fees totalling 5.74 million USD, which they had avoided for years.
Tran Hong Ha, the deputy minister of Natural Resources and Environment said the official decision on punishments would be made public this week.
來源：VNA 越南通訊社
味丹越南廠恐遭罰1.7億 污水排放超標 罰款高將衝擊獲利味精大廠味丹國際，在越設廠多年，日前驚傳因污水排放處理不佳而遭重罰550萬美元（約1.76億元台幣），創食品廠首例，除使在港股價一度跌逾1成，且因罰金過高，下半年恐盈轉虧。台系食品同業更擔心，越南投資成本已逐年墊高，此舉恐再掀寒蟬效應，統一（1216）、大成（1210）等同在越南布局的食品廠則表示，暫不考慮撤資。
得不償失
根據香港外電報導，因有越南官員指，味丹越南廠因違反當地環保條例，雖曾警告味丹多次，不過味丹卻置之不理。為給予懲罰，除考慮關閉味丹廠房，也考慮開出金額達550萬美元的高額罰單。
味丹國際主管昨證實說：「越南自然資源環境部確實曾對子公司Vietnam Vedan展開調查，主要鎖定涉及排放污水等事項，調查結果有部分違反環保法令。」但該主管強調，越南官方尚未正式作出制裁，不僅罰金未定，目前越南廠也營運正常，並未停工。
股價一度跌逾1成此一利空消息，仍嚴重衝擊在港掛牌的味丹國際股價，市場擔心味丹國際下半年獲利將受影響，股價盤中一度大跌逾1成，終場以0.46港元作收，跌幅7.07%，同時也連帶影響其他在越投資的台資食品股股價，如統一中控收盤2.18港元，下跌0.05港元；大成食品也跌0.01港元，收1.75港元。
重新調整發展策略
事實上，以越南為主要生產基地的味丹國際，在越南當地獲利相當好，上半年稅後純益927.8萬美元（約2.97億元台幣），年增率16.1%，EPS（每股純益） 0.195元。
台灣母集團味丹執行董事兼執行長楊坤祥說：「味丹國際上半年因應原物料成本上漲，順利漲價15~16%，下半年也會持續調漲產品價格，預估漲幅與上半年差不多，下半年業績仍然能夠成長10%以上，業績並不看淡。」
對於越南官方近期對外資投資設廠的管理政策趨嚴格，繼中鋼投資冷軋廠一案受阻，恐另覓地點外，近來又傳出味丹國際因違反環保法規而遭重罰。台系食品業者私下抱怨說：「近年越南工資上漲，地價也狂飆，加上管理趨嚴，租稅優惠不再，使得不少台商都考慮重新調整發展策略。」
統一暫不考慮撤資在越布局飼料、水產業的食品大廠統一，昨日主管則表示：「投資當地都必須要符合環保工程，不會游走在法律邊緣，加上越南廠上半年的獲利仍較去年同期成長65%，因此認為越南仍值投資，暫不考慮撤資。」
統一主管更私下分析，越南人口8400萬人，算是開發中國家，受飼料市場景氣好轉帶動，轉投資越南子公司上半年稅後純益2.4億元，年增65%，相較統一在其他東南亞市場仍虧1.5億元，越南市場表現一枝獨秀，因而暫不考慮放棄。
至於雞肉大廠大成，也同樣看好越南的成長潛力，今年才加碼開出水産飼料爲主的新廠房，大成主管認為，越南位居中南半島的重要樞紐，估計今年越南廠可貢獻母公司1.5億元獲利，可較去年成長50%，因此目前規劃，以先適應當地新政策為主，暫不考慮撤資。
來源：蘋果日報（2008年9月27日）
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